Rubidium (Rb)

Rubidium (Rb) memba ne na dangin ƙarfen alkali, tare da lambar atomic ta 37 kuma yana cikin zango na biyar na teburin lokaci-lokaci, Rukunin IA. Sinadarinsa guda ɗaya ƙarfe ne mai laushi mai launin azurfa mai yawan 1.532 g/cm³ (20°C), wurin narkewa na 39.31°C, da kuma wurin tafasa na 688°C. Tsarin lantarki na rubidium shine [Kr]5s¹, wanda ke da ƙarfin ragewa (matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki E° = -2.98 V). Yana oxidize da sauri kuma yana ƙonewa ba zato ba tsammani a cikin iska, kuma yana yin martani mai ƙarfi da ruwa don samar da hydrogen da rubidium hydroxide (RbOH).

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Isotopes da kaddarorin nukiliya

Rubidium na halitta ya ƙunshi isotopes guda biyu: Rb-85 (tsayawa, yalwa 72.17%) da kuma rediyoaktif Rb-87 (yawan 27.83%, rabin rai 4.88×10¹⁰ shekaru, β ruɓewa don samar da tsayayyen Sr-87). Adadin juyi na Rb-87 shine I=3/2, kuma mitar sauyawar tsarinsa mai ƙarfi (6,834,682,610.904 Hz) shine tushen zahiri na agogon atomic na rubidium.

Shiri da ajiya

Ana shirya ƙarfen Rubidium ta hanyar masana'antu ta hanyar rage zafi: ana amfani da rubidium chloride (RbCl) a matsayin kayan da aka samar, kuma ana amfani da ƙarfe calcium ko magnesium a matsayin mai rage zafi, kuma yana amsawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa (700–800℃) da ƙarancin matsin lamba (

Ana buƙatar adana Rubidium a cikin busasshen yanayi mara motsi (kamar argon) ko man ma'adinai don guje wa hulɗa da iskar oxygen da ruwa.

Manhajoji Masu Mahimmanci

Agogon atomic da lokacin daidaito: Ana amfani da canjin microwave na Rb-87 a cikin agogon atomic na rubidium na biyu (daidaitawa 10⁻¹¹¹–10⁻¹²), waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin tsarin GPS, daidaitawar sadarwa da tsarin mu'amalar kuɗi.

Fasahar Kwatantawa: Rubidium vapor (musamman Rb-85 da Rb-87) wani abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi wajen gwaje-gwajen Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), kuma ana amfani da shi wajen binciken kimiyyar atomic mai sanyi da kuma gwajin kwantenar.

Kayan lantarki: Rubidium mahadi (kamar RbTiOPO₄) suna da kaddarorin gani marasa layi kuma ana amfani da su don canza mitar laser.

Hoton likita: Ana amfani da Rb-82 (rabin rai na mintuna 1.27) a matsayin abin gano kwayar halittar positron emission tomography (PET) don gano sinadarin zuciya.

Tsaro da guba

Rubidium metal sinadari ne mai haɗari (UN No. 1423), kuma tsatsa da kuma ƙonewa yana buƙatar kariya mai ƙarfi. Dole ne a gudanar da ayyukan gwaji a cikin akwatin safar hannu mai sanyi, kuma dole ne a saka kayan sharar a hankali tare da isopropanol ko ethanol.

Kammalawa

A matsayin wani sinadari mai amfani da ƙimar bincike na asali da kuma aikace-aikacen fasaha mai zurfi, rubidium yana ci gaba da taka rawa ta musamman a cikin auna daidaito, injiniyancin kwantum, da kuma maganin nukiliya. Sifofinsa na musamman na zahiri da sinadarai, musamman sifofin atomic da suka shafi ma'aunin lokaci, sun sanya shi kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga kimiyya da fasaha na zamani.